Removal Mechanisms in Constructed Wastewater Wetlands

The use of constructed wetlands is a relatively new technology but the system is gaining popularity due to its low tech system for treating wastewater (DeBusk, 1999b).Constructed wetlands have found to be effective in treating domestic wastewater where municipalities are concerned with reducing suspended solids, organic matter, phosphorus, nitrogen, and pathogens. Constructed wetlands mimic natural wetland systems but can have greater control with what purposes the wetland serves (Lorion, 2001). The purpose of constructed wetlands is to remove contaminants. These contaminants if exposed to receiving streams pose health hazards to the general public, aquatic organisms, and the environment. Suspended solid removal is important in wastewater treatment for the survival of the receiving stream for which discharging. If vast amounts of solids are present sunlight will not be able to reach plants and oxygen levels in the water will decrease and cause harm to the receiving stream (Murphy, 2007). The removal of organic matter is also very important due to decreased oxygen levels that can result in receiving streams. Recent movements and stricter regulations have been in the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus which contribute to eutrofication in receiving waters. The presence of pathogens and metals are major health concerns which make removal very important. The understanding of the mechanisms that drive removal of these contaminants is crucial with what type of constructed wetland being selected and whether suitable for a specific location.